Description
Hematite from the Historic Florence Mine, Cumbria
This specimen of Hematite from the famous Florence Mine, Egremont, Cumbria, England is a superb example of one of Britain’s most iconic minerals. Known worldwide for producing some of the finest hematite crystals, Florence Mine specimens are highly sought after by collectors. Each piece measures between 30–60mm, making it ideal for both display and handling.
All of our specimens are 100% genuine and come with a Certificate of Authenticity. The photograph shows an example of the type and quality of mineral you will receive. A 1cm scale cube is included in the image for accurate size reference.
Geological Setting and Origin
The Florence Mine is located in Egremont, Cumbria, England, in the historic iron ore district of west Cumbria. The region is part of the Carboniferous Limestone geology, where mineralisation occurred through hydrothermal processes. Hematite formed within veins, cavities, and replacement zones, producing some of the richest and most visually striking iron ore specimens in Europe.
Florence Mine was in operation for over 120 years before closing in 2007, making any specimens from this locality increasingly rare and collectible. The mine is particularly celebrated for its association with brilliant hematite specimens, often referred to locally as “kidney ore” due to their rounded, botryoidal habits.
Mineral Type and Classification
Hematite is an iron oxide mineral with the chemical formula Fe₂O₃. It is one of the most important iron ore minerals and has been utilised by humans for thousands of years, both as a pigment and as a major source of iron.
- Mineral Group: Oxide
- Crystal System: Trigonal
- Hardness: 5.5 – 6.5 on the Mohs scale
- Streak: Red to reddish-brown, a defining diagnostic feature
- Specific Gravity: Approximately 5.3
The Florence Mine specimens are notable for their high metallic lustre and rich, deep steel-grey to black colouring, with internal reflections of red due to their iron-rich composition.
Morphological and Physical Features
The hematite from Florence Mine often displays a variety of crystal habits, including:
- Botryoidal (Kidney Ore): Rounded, globular forms with a smooth, lustrous surface.
- Crystalline Blades and Plates: Flat, shiny crystals forming in radiating clusters.
- Massive Ore Form: Dense, compact hematite with high polish potential.
These features make Florence hematite instantly recognisable and especially desirable among mineral collectors.
Collectible and Scientific Value
Florence Mine hematite holds an important place in the history of British mining and mineral collecting. As the last working deep iron ore mine in Western Europe, it produced specimens that are now considered classics. Collectors value them not only for their beauty but also for their provenance, as pieces from this locality are finite and no longer available from active mining.
In scientific terms, hematite provides insights into hydrothermal mineralisation processes and serves as an important reference for iron ore geology. Its distinct crystal habits and association with other minerals make it a versatile specimen for both educational and research purposes.
Display and Decorative Appeal
Measuring 30–60mm, these hematite specimens are perfect for display cabinets, teaching collections, or as a standout natural décor item. The high metallic sheen and weighty feel make them attractive to hold and examine, while their historical significance as part of Britain’s mining heritage adds depth and story to any collection.
Each specimen is unique, with individual variations in shape, surface texture, and luster, ensuring that the piece you receive will be a one-of-a-kind representation of this classic British mineral.
Owning a piece of Florence Mine hematite is not only an investment in mineral collecting but also a connection to the rich geological and industrial history of Cumbria, England.
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